Application

Immunoblotting: a working concentration of 0.1-0.2 µg/mL is recommended using β2-Microglobulin from human urine.Immunoprecipitation: a working concentration of 2.5-5 µg/test is recommended using lysate of human HeLa cell line. Indirect ELISA: a working concentration of 0.2-0.4 µg/mL is recommended using 1 µg/mL ß2-Microglobulin from human urine for coating.

General description

B2M (β2-Microglobulin) is the light chain of the major histocompatibility class (MHC) I molecule expressed on the cell surface of all nucleated cells, including lymphocytes, thymocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, platelets, endothelial cells and epithelial cells and is absent in erythrocytes. B2M is filtered during glomerular filtrations and re-absorbed and catabolized by proximal renal tubule. While under normal conditions the B2M is undetectable in urine, its increased urinary excretion has been observed to be an early marker of tubular injury in a number of settings, including nephrotoxicant exposure, cardiac surgery and renal transplantation, preceding rises in serum creatinine by as many as 4-5 days. B2M may also serve as an early biomarker for AKI (Acute Kidney Injury). B2M plays a vital role in cell survival, proliferation and metastasis in various types of cancer. Its levels are also linked with multiple myeloma (MM) and non-Hodgkin′s lymphoma (NHL). NHL patients showing higher levels of B2M have a poor disease prognosis and a higher mortality risk. The protein has a predominantly β-pleated sheet structure that can form amyloid fibrils in some pathological conditions. In patient subjected to long-term hemodialysis, B2M is responsible for systemic amyloidosis. The levels of this protein are also altered in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with neurological diseases, such as leptomeningeal metastasis, purulent meningitis, viral meningitis or encephalitis and neuroborreliosis. Over-expression of serum B2M is observed in hepatitis C virus (HCV) related chronic liver diseases and thus acts as a potential marker for the HCV disease progression towards cirrhosis and carcinoma.

Immunogen

Recombinant B2M protein.

Other Notes

In order to obtain best results in different techniques and preparations we recommend determining optimal working concentration by titration test.

Physical form

Solution in 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4, containing 15mM sodium azide.